Published January 25, 2021
Find resources and tools for understanding tumor-specific response and resistance to cancer immunotherapies.
Overview
- What is immunotherapy?
- The role of the immune system
- Flexible, validated research solutions
- Advancing immuno-oncology research, together
What is immunotherapy?
Immunotherapy is a revolutionary approach to cancer treatment that helps the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells1. Current immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells, vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies that, for a subset of patients, has provided long-term, durable responses to a variety of cancers. However, some patients fail to respond to treatment at all, while others achieve a limited response followed by tumor progression. Therefore, understanding the factors that contribute to an effective response and determining mechanisms of resistance will be critical as immunotherapies are applied more broadly2.
The role of the immune system
The function of the immune system is to protect against disease and clear the body of unhealthy, ailing cells, including cancer cells. T cells selectively recognize and kill pathogens and unhealthy cells by orchestrating a coordinated immune response, including innate and adaptive responses. However, various cancers have unique triggers that result in evasion from the immune response, making them more resistant to immunity3.
Immunotherapy involves strengthening the cancer patient’s immune system by improving its tumor recognition ability or providing a missing immune effector function to provide durable, adaptable cancer control4,5.
Flexible, validated research solutions
Discover reagents to novel targets and emerging multiplex technologies to support your immuno-oncology research and assay development. Here we’ve highlighted key products so you can easily select the best one.
Key targets involved in tumor resistance: STING, IDO1, and VISTA
STING
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in controlling the transcription of many host defense genes such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Previous studies into the roles of STING in immunomodulation showed the potential of STING agonists as cancer therapeutics to activate antitumor immune responses6.
Product highlight
| Recombinant STING (Anti-TMEM173 antibody [EPR13130-55] (ab239074)Rabbit monoclonal to STINGSuitable for: WB, ICC/IF, IP, IHC-P, Flow CytReacts with: Human |
View the full range of products to STING
IDO1
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenases (IDO1 and IDO2) are tryptophan catabolic enzymes that catalyze the conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine. The resulting depletion of tryptophan and subsequent increase in kynurenine exert important immunosuppressive functions, thus making IDO1 a potential therapeutic opportunity in cancer immunotherapy7.
Product highlight
| Recombinant IDO1 (anti-Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase) antibody [EPR20374] (ab211017)Rabbit monoclonal to Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenaseSuitable for: WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt, IP, IHC-PReacts with: Human |
View all products to IDO1 here
VISTA
V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel checkpoint inhibitor that is a promising target for immunotherapeutic intervention due to its role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses8.
Product highlight
| | Recombinant VISTA antibody [EPR21050] (ab230950) Rabbit monoclonal to VISTASuitable for: WB, IHC-P, IPReacts with: Human |
View the full range of VISTA products
Flow cytometry antibodies to support the studies of live cells
Flow cytometry allows the simultaneous, multi-parameter analysis of single cells and is a widely used method for characterizing and defining different cell types in a heterogeneous cell population. In recent years, the application of flow cytometry for analyzing the presence of cell types associated with a metastatic event, such as circulating tumor cells, has become more promising9.
Our range of recombinant, monoclonal antibodies are validated in flow cytometry and provide the highest level of consistency between batches, giving you the highly reproducible results your research requires.
| Product name | abID | Species |
| Anti-CXCL9 antibody [EPR23999-5] | ab263442 | Human |
| Anti-PD-L1 antibody [EPR23546-160] | ab252436 | Mouse |
| Anti-Ras antibody [EPR23474-20] | ab275875 | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Anti-KLRF1 antibody [EPR23633-150] | ab256809 | Human |
| Anti-eNOS antibody [EPR23750-3] | ab252439 | Human |
| Anti-MICA antibody [EPR24086-121] | ab259934 | Human |
| Anti-CCL4/MIP-1 beta antibody [EPR23610-40] | ab254371 | Human, Mouse |
| Anti-CCR4 antibody [EPR23502-85] | ab254376 | Human |
| Anti-CD58 antibody [EPR24012-147] | ab275392 | Human |
| Anti-CD83 antibody [3D11] | ab252822 | Mouse |
| Anti-CD16+CD32 antibody [EPR23501-203] | ab223200 | Mouse |
| Anti-KRAS antibody [EPR23474-76] | ab275876 | Human |
| Anti-Galectin 9 antibody [EPR23853-132] | ab275877 | Mouse |
| Anti-Semaphorin 4D/CD100 antibody [EPR23866-69] | ab275393 | Human |
| Anti-CD52 antibody [EPR23855-41] | ab259794 | Human |
| Anti-CD83 antibody [EPR23809-19] | ab275021 | Human |
| Anti-NG2 antibody [EPR23752-147] | ab259324 | Mouse, Rat |
| Anti-NG2 antibody [EPR23976-145] | ab275024 | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Anti-FGL1 antibody [EPR24018-27] | ab275091 | Human |
| Anti-HHLA2 antibody [EPR23563-120] | ab254367 | Human |
| Anti-TWEAKR/FN14 antibody [EPR23427-30] | ab275375 | Mouse |
| Anti-GPR56 antibody [EPR23908-109] | ab259820 | Human |
| Anti-CD160 antibody [EPR23644-24] | ab274374 | Human |
| Anti-CXCR3 antibody [EPR23845-44] | ab259865 | Human |
| Anti-IL-21R antibody [EPR23637-53] | ab256796 | Human |
| Anti-PVRIG/CD112R antibody [EPR23797-104] | ab256808 | Human |
| Anti-4-1BBL antibody [EPR21995-147] | ab254385 | Human |
| Anti-ADAM10 antibody [EPR23491-74] | ab252234 | Human |
Antibody panels to increase your chances of success
Our range of hand-picked antibody panels to key immuno-oncology targets are designed to save you time and provide you with easy access to the best selection of clones on the market. Each panel contains a selection of monoclonal antibodies that detect the same protein to increase your chances of finding a compatible clone for your assay with just one purchase.
Recommended products
abIDProduct nameab254018T Cell Exhaustion Marker (PD1, CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT) Antibody Panel ab254024T cell Activation Marker (CD69, CD137, CD27, TRAP/CD40L, CD134) Antibody Panelab254021Regulatory T Cell Marker (CD4, FOXP3, CTLA4, CCR6, HLA-DR) Antibody Panelab269812PD-L1 / PD1 Multiplex IHC-IF (PD-L1, PD1, CD68, CD3, Ki67, panCK) Antibody Panel
Advancing immuno-oncology research, together
For more information on how we can support your research and assay development with our tailored solutions, contact a member of the immuno-oncology team, here.
References
- Cancer Research UK. What is immunotherapy. Available at: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/immunotherapy/what-is-immunotherapy
- Braun, D.A et al., Genomic Approaches to Understanding Response and Resistance to Immunotherapy Clin Cancer Res 22(23), 5642-5650 (2016).
- Pandya, P.H. et al., The Immune System in Cancer Pathogenesis: Potential Therapeutic Approaches J Immunol Res (2016).
- Finn, O.J. Immuno-oncology: understanding the function and dysfunction of the immune system in cancer Ann Oncol 23, viii6-viii9 (2012).
- Drake, C.G. Combination immunotherapy approaches Ann Oncol 23, viii41-viii46 (2012).
- Su, T. et al. STING activation in cancer immunotherapy Theranostics 9, 7759-7771 (2019).
- Liu, M. et al. Targeting the IDO1 pathway in cancer: from bench to bedside Journal of Hematology & Oncology 11 (2018).
- EITanbouly, M.A. et al. VISTA: A novel immunotherapy target for normalizing innate and adaptive immunity Semin Immunol 42 (2019).
- Danova, M. et al. The role of automated cytometry in the new era of cancer immunotherapy (Review) Molecular and Clinical Oncology 9, pages 355-361 (2018).